Hackers from China, Iran, and other nations are increasingly using US-made artificial intelligence (AI) tools, particularly Google’s Gemini chatbot, to bolster their cyberattacks. A report by Google, released on Wednesday, highlights the growing role of generative AI in cybercrimes. Chinese and Iranian hackers are tapping into these AI technologies to improve the speed and scale of their attacks.
While AI tools like Gemini have not fundamentally changed the types of attacks mounted by these hackers, they have allowed them to work faster and more efficiently. Chinese hackers, in particular, are using AI to craft phishing emails, develop malicious code, and exploit vulnerabilities in targeted organisations.
AI Powers Cyberattacks by Chinese and Iranian Hackers
Google’s research indicates that hackers are actively using AI to enhance their operations. The Gemini chatbot has been leveraged for tasks like reconnaissance, scripting, and technical concept development. AI enables hackers to process large amounts of data quickly and identify vulnerabilities faster, making it easier to compromise networks and steal sensitive information.
Unlike traditional cyberattacks, Chinese hackers using AI can execute attacks at a much higher volume, targeting more organisations with greater precision. The speed and efficiency AI tools provide are crucial for state-backed actors looking to gain an edge in cyber espionage and intellectual property theft.
AI: A Tool for Cyber Espionage and Disinformation
In addition to Chinese hackers, Iranian hackers have also heavily used AI for cyber espionage and disinformation. Iranian state-backed actors use Gemini to gather intelligence, conduct research, and craft content to influence public opinion. Chinese hackers focus more on reconnaissance and targeted attacks rather than large-scale disinformation campaigns.
Chinese hackers are utilising AI to pinpoint vulnerabilities and develop exploits to bypass traditional cybersecurity defences. This makes AI a valuable tool for infiltrating high-value targets.
Generative AI and Its Role in Information Operations
While Chinese hackers use AI to enhance cyber espionage, Iran has focused on using the same technology for information operations. Iranian hackers leverage Gemini to manipulate online content and sway public opinion. Google’s report reveals that Iran accounts for 75% of detected Gemini usage related to information operations, creating language-specific content to further political and strategic goals.
China, though not as active in information operations as Iran, has used AI tools for research and content creation, particularly regarding national interests. Hackers use AI to gain insights into international relations, defence, and policy matters.
The Future of AI in Cybersecurity
Experts believe the use of AI by hackers, including Chinese and Iranian hackers, will continue to evolve. Caleb Withers, a researcher at the Center for a New American Security, noted that AI’s role in cybersecurity could lead to an arms race. As both attackers and defenders adopt AI to find vulnerabilities, the balance between them will remain dynamic.
While AI has given hackers a productivity boost, the report suggests it has not yet revolutionised the nature of cyberattacks. The fundamental tactics of cyber espionage and hacking remain unchanged, though AI advancements could reshape the way these attacks are carried out.
Government and Industry Response
Kent Walker, President of Global Affairs at Google’s parent company Alphabet, urged greater collaboration between the US government, tech industry, and international allies to address the threat posed by AI-powered cyberattacks. Walker emphasised that the US must maintain its leadership in AI technology and streamline defence efforts to protect national security.
“America holds the lead in the AI race, but our advantage may not last,” Walker said, calling for a unified approach to counter these threats.
Google’s report underscores the growing use of AI by Chinese and Iranian hackers and other state-backed actors to supercharge their cyberattacks. While the nature of cyber threats remains unchanged, AI has significantly increased the speed and scale of these attacks. As AI technology continues to evolve, both hackers and cybersecurity professionals must adapt. The US government and tech companies must collaborate to secure the nation’s digital infrastructure from malicious actors using AI to enhance their offensive capabilities.
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